Macroeconomic Situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Macroeconomic Situation - Essay Example Further, it was expected that the private consumption for the year 2010 and the year 2011 would be restrained at 2.5 percent. The rate of unemployment for the year 2010 and the year 2011 has been expected to be over 9% (United Nations, 2010). It was pointed out that with the fall in the prices of houses in the United States; there will be negative influence upon the balance sheets of the households. This would further slow down the rate of consumption and thus increase the rate of savings. The low interest rates and inefficient economic conditions have evened out the weakness in the household net value. Further, the long-term related ‘government bond yields’ have declined in the United States (OECD Economic Outlook, 2010). It has been estimated that the fiscal policy of the country has been identified by the stimulus spending. Further, the remaining $470 billion is expected to be paid out in the year 2010 and 2011 with a smooth decline of its effect upon the economy (Cor porate Executive Board, 2010). It has been assessed that the rate of the Dollar has declined by 11% against Euro that was worth $1.47. The manufacturing industry is expected to rise in the US (Bloomberg, 2011).

Past Is The Key To The Future Philosophy Essay

Past Is The Key To The Future Philosophy Essay The things and deeds we did in past are now to give us fruit in present and also in the future. And our present which is going to be our past will give us its fruit in the future. The topic To look to the future One must study the past revloves in the region of past present and the future of all mankind. It covers the whole story of human being. Some think it is essential to study history in order to make their future bright but some think past has no concern with the future. Other thinks that future is related to present, the things they have in present remain same as in future. Different people have different believe on the same the topic. Why is it so? Due to the different experiences they have in their past life. In some way or another experience is second name of past. What actually affect the future? Experience affects the future. Future can never be predicted but we can strive to make it better by mean of the past experiences. Without knowing the past we repeat mistakes made in the past, and destroy our future. We cant say that we are guessing future upon the past, but in some way we can perk up our future by relating it to the events take place in past, and work to make it enhanced. No one knows what will happen in the future but the past lend us a hand and lead us to our destiny. There must be some reasons why past contribute a lot in building future. It is vitally important to study history and keeping the past in mind to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past and understand why things are as they are! We study history to learn where we were in the past and where we are now, to learn what worked for people in the past. We study history in order to remember the great achievements accompolished by our ancestors to make our future shine bright like diamonds and to remember the worst things happen in past and make sure not to do these things happen again in future. We study history to know what is the right thing to do and what is wrong so that we can understand what to do in life and how the wrong things happen and how we can be prevented. Just think, if we do not have a past what would we be today? Obviuosly nothing, if we dont know the hard works of our ancestor then how can we realize their great achievement, and what we can learn from their achievements and hardships and how can we pay respect to them. The biggest example is the achievement of Paskistan, if do not study history then how we could be able to compete with others and maintain or moral value. How could we realize and feel proud on our country, culture and faith. Without a past we couldnt go through life. Our personal life is also interrelated with past. We can call our past as our memory it can be good or bad. It depends upon us with whom we want go either with bad one or by good one. We can take experience from bad memory furthermore good memories give us courage to live. Its all about experiences. The more you know about history, the more you will be ready to build your future. The famous philosopher George Santayana wrote in 1896 in Reason in Common Sense, the Life of Reason, volume 1. Those who do not study history are doomed to repeat it. No one is strictly doomed to repeat it. But Yes! History repeats itself because no one pays attention for the first time. But if someone forgot the past they will surely repeat in number of manners. The game remains same but the player changes. Of course if we forgot something which we have to do then certainly we will some face outcome and consequences. There are many interesting events in the history which indicates us and enlighten with the truth about the words said above. Learning regarding the bad things in history is a way to prevent them from happening again. Furthermore, sometimes we even know the history we repeat it because we have not learn anything from it. It can be discussed by some examples which are taken from the link given below. http://www.city-data.com/forum/history/1023429-does-history-ever-repeat-itself-ww2.html#ixzz2EucrunZh (See the exact words from the link given above) In World War I Germany lost to France. In World War II Germany defeated France. When it came to the French they learned their lesson. They failed in other areas, particularly the invasion of Russia, where I could point out that they should have taken a page from Napoleons book and re-thought the campaign. When we debunked Vietnam vs. Afghanistan but, we can find examples to put them together. Though the wars are different, they also contain some similarities. Both were being fought to combat an idea; communism in one, terrorism in the other. As we all know, we cant fight a concept. Both were essentially nation building efforts that paralleled the war. Both were reliant upon corrupt and ineffectual local central governments who were needed for success. Both contain indigenous guerilla forces opposed to our presence. Both have little geo-political value outside of combating the concept that the area is spreading. Both are being fought essentially unilaterally with little support from other allies. So, while not everything is the same one can infer that based on the lessons of Vietnam (some of which we learned from and are using to effect in Afghanistan) the entire war is essentially doomed to failure as it is by definition unwinnable. Sayings often have root in reality. Sometimes we need to look hard and be a little more liberal in our interpretation, but they are valid in some cases. Some times for some people in some ways past acts as a greatest enemy of them. That who had a worst and most awful happening in their past life and couldnt cope up with them for such people past is the greatest enemy. They rely on their past and start blaming other things that they came from this background and so on and start asking their self that why this happened to them and think if it would not happen then they would be in pleasure instead of working for the future they humiliates their past. They do not even try to come out of it and to deal with other and this will how they lose with the fear of defeat, after some time it become impossible for them to come out of this and to glow and rise again. In some ways their society wont allow them to learn from their past, they keeping on repeating their past and let them feel bad and make them realize their mistakes and make them feel ashamed. This will lead them to disappointment. We study history to think and feel proud on our country and on our motherland. History also introduces us to the important people of past they may be our idol or evil who contributed a lot in the structure of our country. There are loads of other reasons why do we prefer to study history. It tell us where were in our past life and where we are going to be in the future. It tells us our originality where we came from and how things, people and times change, how the culture and belief developed and then how suddenly with the passage of time they changed. History takes us to new era where we can judge our selves. Similarly if we can judge and understand our selves by studying our past, then simply we can guess, judge and understand other by analyzing their past. By mean of studying history we can understand about people behavior when they acted and how they behaved in such manners. If we do not understand them then how will we make interaction with them and develop relations with them. It also develops our thinking and relating skills that how we can relate one thing with another and then get better result. Many philosophers, scholars say to gain and learn from your past experience in order to understand your life and move towards golden future and to learn lessons, wisdom and intelligence. Therefore, history leads us to understand the past and use this fact and figure to work in present and get better result in future. A person with no sense of the past is a person who is a stranger both to his or her own roots and to the human condition more generally. For human beings are not creatures of nature; we are inheritors of the history that has made us what we are. Not to know our history is not to know ourselves, and that is the condition not of human beings, but of animals. And even from a practical point of view, to be ignorant of the past is to make us impotent and unprepared before the present. How can someone without a sense of medieval history have the slightest inkling of the meaning of the current impasse the West finds itself in its dealings with Islam? The Crusades were not, as is often implied by Muslims and non-Muslims alike, a unique moment of anti-Islamic aggression. They were actually but one blip in the astonishing growth of Islamic empires in Europe and elsewhere, from the time of Mohammed onwards, right up to 1683 when the Turks were turned back from the gates of Vienna and 1686 when they were expelled from Budapest. But who now remembers any of this, or ponders its consequences? It is not, needless to say, taught in National Curriculum history, which prefers to dwell on the Aztecs, about whom we have only the vaguest knowledge in comparison, and (endlessly) on the rise of Fascism (not communism) in Europe, studied by pupils who know nothing of the history of Italy and Germany before the 20th century.   Is it any wonder that, with no sense of our past or identity as, in other moods, politicians increasingly complain we are a culture obsessed with celebrity, football, and reality television? Most of our population knows nothing else, and they have no yardstick from either history or culture with which to judge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (- Anthony OHear, The Telegraph) By the mean of understanding our history and looking into the future, we can conclude in a general sense where we were and we are going to be. Then, looking into the future, we can act in ways that built our future in the direction and ways we would like to see it and make it shine like a diamond.

Revenge In Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

What do you consider to the main theme(s) of Hamlet? Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a complex play where many themes are intertwined – themes that are essential to the development of the play. The issue of death and disease, both physical and emotional is very prevalent throughout the duration of the play, as well as fate and divine providence. The play also questions madness and whether it can be feigned, as well as corruption and its moral implications. Of course, who could forget the famous ‘To be or not to be’ soliloquy, where Hamlet not only questions life and death, but many of life’s other uncertainties as well. Undoubtedly, the most essential theme in the development of Hamlet is revenge and question ‘Does revenge pay?’ Revenge is a frighteningly bloodthirsty emotion, which causes people to act blindly and without reason. Revenge is a theme that is cleverly built upon throughout the extent of the play; with it being the driving force behind two of the main characters in the play. The play is introduced by the appearance of the ghost of Hamlet’s father in the first scene, which automatically gives the impression that something is amiss. This is later clarified by the statement that â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark† (Act1 Scene 4 Line 90). The ghost emerges before Hamlet and insinuates that his death was not as nocent as it may seem. The ghost urges Hamlet to â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (Act1 Scene 5 Line25) and informs him that â€Å"The serpent that did sting thy father’s life now wears his crown â€Å"(Act1 Scene5 Line 38). This appears to indicate that Hamlet’s father’s death was actually murder, and that the deed was committed by King Hamlet’s brother, Claudius, who had now taken over as King of Denmark. The Ghost taunts Hamlet, telling him that it is part of every man’s honour to avenge his death. Hamlet then becomes a part of Denmark’s foulness and wre tchedness when he agrees to avenge his father’s death. This is the beginning of a vicious cycle of hatred, death and revenge that destroys many lives. Soon after Claudius marries Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude, Hamlet feigns madness as a ploy to cover up his attempts to avenge his father’s death and to bring him closer to Claudius. One of the first things Hamlet does in his attempt to prove Claudius’ guilt is to have ‘The Mousetrap’ performed in court. ‘The Mousetrap recreates ... ...amned Dane, Drink off this potion. Is thy union here? Follow my mother.† Laertes dies, content that justice has been served and Hamlet himself dies soon after, his father’s death finally avenged. The obsession and need for revenge displayed by our two main characters eventually led them both to their downfall. Not only did it hurt themselves, but many others close to them. Ophelia’s death, for example could be blamed on Hamlet’s desire for revenge, whilst Hamlets death occurred as a result of Laertes quest to avenge his father’s death. Hopefully, it is easy to see why I believe that revenge is the core theme in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Revenge shapes the entire plot of the play and could be blamed for corrupting Hamlet and Laertes, making them almost evil in their final intentions. Shakespeare highlights the moral implications of revenge, and how a person can be corrupted by their need for revenge. The age-old saying ‘An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth’ is outlined perfectly in Hamlet. You cannot receive a punch, return a punch and then all sit down together for a lovely dinner. The second that you retaliate, it starts a horrible chain that is almost impossible to break.

Nova Scotia Ethic Assignment

Being short means that the firms sell more shares than are available in the new issue and the rim has some fire power in the after-market, meaning more liquidity. Mr.. Berry was earning millions of dollars for the bank in 2004, it was seeking outside legal opinions on the ramifications of renegotiating his contract to stop paying him so much. Cumming is willing to testify that senior executives at Scotia had divulged the bank's desire to catch Berry in â€Å"something like a securities violation so Scotia could use it against him,† to either severely reduce his compensation package or fire him.The bank claimed that Berry had hidden his behavior and that his education and training was such that e should have known his â€Å"misconduct breached fundamental terms of his employment with Scotia, and was just cause for his termination. † Colon (berry's lawyer) cited the passage in COMIC that exempts the distribution of any previously uninsured securities from being entered on the exchange. Williams responded by saying, â€Å"The advice we received from counsel-?†. Scotia lawyer interrupted, preventing Williams from finishing her sentence, explaining that what she was about to say was protected by solicitor-client privilege.But the fact that Williams, herself a lawyer, had sought a legal opinion on Berry's reads begged a crucial question: if the head of compliance didn't know whether or not what Berry was doing was improper, how could they expect him to understand? An industry that's almost entirely self-regulated, Berry's case raises questions about how this monitoring is carried out. The history of Citibank and David Berry The Bank of Nova Scotia, commonly referred to as Citibank, welcomed its first customers in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1832. Citibank continued to expand its branches across Canada, into the U. S. ND overseas from the 1 9th century and onwards. In 1 999, Citibank's Corporate Banking business and Scotia Capital Markets were integra ted to form Scotia Capital. Citibank now serves to some 21 million customers in more than 55 countries across the world. One of the main factors for the growth and success of Citibank is that it fosters a committed team that lives their shared values and works together to provide customers with expert advice, insights and financial solutions . Citibank clearly puts great emphasis on hiring the best candidates suitable for their jobs. One individual who stood out the most was David Berry.Berry first worked at Ernst & Young after finding out that the firm loud pay for his MBA tuition if he committed to work for them for a few years. He had left Ernst & Young after receiving his MBA and chartered accountant license to join Scotia Capital in 1995. Berry Was presented the opportunity to work at Citibank through his father's friend, Gordon Cheeseburger, who was the chairman of Scotia Capital Markets at the time. Berry started out as a research associate and had later moved to the Sales an d Trading department In the span of two years, he made his way up the ladder to eventually dominate Scotia Capital's preferred desk.Berry became a to commodity as other banks wanted him to leave Citibank and join them, which led to Citibank offering Berry a direct-driven deal in which he kept a certain percentage of the profits he made for the bank. He was the only trader who received a direct-drive deal as all the other traders were compensated on an annual bonus. This direct-drive deal percentage was increased a few times as Citibank aimed to keep Berry at the bank. In 2003, it was stated that he had earned $15 million for himself , earning almost double of the CEO of Citibank.Through his performance he developed any privileges, and his domination of the industry made Berry extremely powerful. Shortly after his rise to success, he was dismissed from Citibank then known as Scotia Capital. What is the ethical case here? The ethical case here was that Citibank had fired Berry for sup posedly engaging In inappropriate trading practices, specifically, selling newly issued preferred shares to clients without printing the trades biblically on the stock exchange. However, Berry claimed that it was perfectly fine to refrain from printing the trades on the stock exchange. **There were two issues involving Cecilia Williams that we've mixed up. . Cecilia Williams questioned him about the trade regarding Balconied and Great West Life. She determined that he was wrong to do this and was going to forward the tapes to MRS.. But Berry had played the tapes to Scotia head of trading, Mark Evader, and he said that this was fine and that every trader (including him) did this. As Williams was getting ready to send the report to MRS., Berry was allowed to attach a narrative to the report explaining his actions. He told Williams that he was going to state that Evader said that what he did was common practice.Williams reacted in shock and said â€Å"What? Our dead trader does this? † After this, there was no talk of the tapes going to RSI. This had nothing to do with the preferred shares. 2. The second issue is in regards to the preferred shares and whether or not they should have been printed on the stock exchange. RSI did their routine trade audit of Scotia, and it was during this that they discovered the preferred shares issue. Celiac Williams wasn't sure if there practices were allowed, and Berry suggested getting opinion from another compliance expert Linda Frets who stated that he had done nothing wrong etc etc†¦. His is the main issue, and the reason he to fired for – not the Balconied and Great West Life trade. Http://www. Tortellini. Com/informer/random-situ if-informer/2008/06/01 / traders-revenge/4/ This had all started once Berry started to make millions for the firm and for himself, outpacing the earnings of top executives. Mr.. Berry had bought some shares in the Balconied mining company from a client and, in turn, sold the same client shares in Great West Life. Berry had not printed the trades on the exchange because the preferred shares were new issues (I. E. They were being offered to potential investors for the first time).Berry justified his actions because it was understood in the firm that new issues were exempt from being printed on the exchanged. However, his actions were wrong in the eyes of Cecilia Williams, the head of Scotia Capital's compliance department. Williams had discussed to Berry that she was going to send the tape communication between Berry and his client to the Market Regulation Services. The market regulation service had started its routine scheduled trade desk review at Citibank. Berry went on to get another opinion from his own counsel from a compliance expert, Linda Frets.Frets ad advised that because the new issue shares in question had been sold from Berry's inventory before being listed on an exchange, they did not constitute improper off-market transactions and thus were no t in violation of Universal Market Integrity Rules (EMIR). Even if they had been, Berry did not understand why Citibank hadn't alerted him to this issue long before now. He had never been secretive about how he operated. And, as far as Berry was concerned, there was no harm to his clients by trading this way. A few weeks later, Berry was asked to meet with Scotia Capital's deputy chairman along with head Of institutional equities.Berry was notified that he was being suspended for the time being because Citibank was undergoing its own investigation relating to the preferred shares issue. Mr.. Berry filed a SSL 00 million claim focusing on constructive and wrongful dismissal. In return, Citibank filed a counterclaim along with a statement of defense. Ethical Issue in the Case and ethical behavior practices transgressed: One of the issues raised in the case is professionalism. The Commission found a violation and failure of the firm's upper management to act in public interest in favor of their own. Mr..Berry was allowed to book trades which were entered on the liquidity of the preferred stocks. These trades made money for Scotia, and the more money he made for the bank the more capital he was allocated and the bigger the inventory he could carry and the more money he made as compensation. Even though this is not illegal, integrity of the capital markets was threatened by these actions. Also, the lack of supervision from the management has led to a conflict of interest. Their actions could have had serious and lasting effects on the integrity of capital markets and public trust resulting from a lack of supervision in Scotia Capital.What is the Ethical Issue? The main issue in this case was whether printing the trades of the newly issued preferred shares on the stock exchange constituted unethical trading practices. Furthermore, if the practices were not deemed a violation of JIM by compliance expert Frets (and unsure by Scotia own Cecilia Williams), did Citibank act ethically in still pursuing their own investigation and terminating his contract? An identification of the key people involved, and their positions in the company Below is a list of the key people involved: 1 Cecilia Williams (head of Scotia Capital's compliance department) 2.Linda Frets (External compliance expert) . Jim Mountain (Mr.. Berry's boss at Scotia Capital Brian Porter, Scotia Capital's deputy chairman 4. 5. Rick Hugh (Citibank CEO) 6. Marc Mannequin (Berry's assistant) David Wilson (then vice-chairman of the Bank of Nova Scotia, and chairman 7. And CEO of Scotia Capital) 8. Andrew Cumming, who, until 2002, was Berry's direct supervisor. Cumming swore an affidavit in support of Berry's lawsuit, claiming that he saw nothing wrong with how Berry was ticketing new issue shares. 9.Mark Evader, Scotia head of trading People who have suffered David Berry David suffered as he had been out of a job for a long time, and thus has offered financially and occupationally. Although he had received many job offers, they were all contingent on the outcome of the case. His reputation has been damaged as this stigma will always stick to him. Furthermore, his absence from the industry for a significant period of time may have damaged his efficiency as a trader as he would have lost many clients and relationships, as well as the power he previously possessed.If he were to return to the industry, it would be near impossible to continue where he left off. In addition, David has further suffered financially as he has had to spend money n funding his case against Scotia. Citibank It is reported that the preferred desk has suffered without him since he was dismissed. Scotia has also had to spend a lot of money in the case against Berry. David Berry's Clients David Beers clients have most likely suffered as well. If Berry, using his expertise was generating millions in income for himself, it's clear that his clients were earning great profits on their investments as well .Although his clients can find another advisor, it is not likely that they will find one with the expertise and skill of David Berry David Berry's Family His family has also suffered because he has not worked ever since the termination from Citibank. This must have cost the family as their standard of living must've lowered with the great loss in income. They were living very lavish lifestyles with Berry's income. List of ethical behavior practices that were transgressed 1. Professionalism a. Knowledge of the law d. Misconduct 2. Integrity of Capital Markets a.Material Nonpublic Information (not completely sure) 4. Duties to the Employers B. Additional Compensation Arrangements (Don't know if this fits) C. Responsibility of the Supervisor Description of Events, Penalties or Convictions that followed David Berry was terminated in June, 2005 from Citibank. He was alleged of committing security regulatory violations. He was accused of violating uniform market integrity rules. Berry wen t into a big legal battle to prove that he did not do anything wrong. Information was released to the media that higher management of Citibank were looking for opinions from alai. O,'errs to change Berry's contract and keep him from leaving for a competitor prior to his accusation and termination from Scotia Capital. Eight years, later all allegations against Berry were dismissed by the IIRC. David Berry has a $100 million class action law suit against his former employer for constructive and wrongful dismissal. What should have happened to prevent improper action, and Resulting changes in corporate practices: We believe that the issue was in the company incompetence to provide adequate and effective supervision programs, and procedures for the employees to abide.Lack of supervision from Jim Mountain, as a manager towards the employees, and poor corporate culture has resulted in a failure of employee's ethics. A stricter procedural rules and more effective management control should have been imposed and fulfilled. No changes to laws or regulations were performed. The circumstances Of his dismissal for allegedly breaching trading rules and the regulator's investigation of his conduct while working at Citibank. For good measure, the bank's statement added: â€Å"[Berry's] misconduct breached fundamental terms of his employment with Scotia and was just cause for termination.He violated the trust and responsibility that accompanied his poss. Zion. † http://business functionalist. Com/2013/02/after-allegations- against-former-top-Citibank-trader-dismissed-its-now-Mann-a-Mann/ IIRC had brought two sets of allegations against Mr.. Berry claiming that he violated uniform market integrity rules during the distribution of new securities. The panel noted that after obtaining commitments from clients to buy shares in a new issue, some of the sales went through syndication while others went through Mr..Berry's inventory account. Because no commission was charged on all of these new-issue sales, some clients knew that the shares didn't come from syndication. And what more the trade occurred when the expression of interest was made -? even though the trade confirmations didn't show the usual new issue trailer. Everyone concerned understood that they were trading a new issue,† noted the panel, adding that prior to Mr.. Berry being terminated â€Å"his employer had no written syndication process policies or procedures. † In each of the two prior years to Mr..Berry's dismissal, he had earned $15- million, when CEO Rick Hugh made an average of $8-million and few on the Street would dream of making as much. Mr.. Berry, who is currently suing Citibank for constructive and wrongful dismissal Documents obtained by the Financial post suggest that, about six months before his termination under the cloud of the now-dismissed allegations, the ann. was seeking outside legal opinions on the ramifications of renegotiating his contract to stop payi ng him so much. The documents also said Mr..Berry could be fired â€Å"in the event of any of a regulatory breach, trading losses, or a violation of the bank's code of conduct. † http:// business. functionalist. Com/2013/02/21/after-allegations-against-former-top Citibank-trader-dismissed-its-now-Mann-a-Mann/ http:// business. functionalist. Com/2013/01/1 5/IIRC-chaw urges-against-David-berry- dismissed/ However, things turned sour after Citibank created a new contract limiting compensation up to $1 0 million unless stated by management. Berry had not signed this new contract in April 2005.In May 2005, a regulatory precursor to the IIRC issued a warning letter to Mr.. Berry. By the end of June 2005, Berry had been terminated with his group having chalked up about $43-million in net income. One year later Mr.. Berry filed a $1 00-million claim alleging constructive and wrongful dismissal. In turn, the bank has filed a statement of defense and counterclaim. Was Citibank trying to save themselves to the possible illegal trading activity conducted by Mr.. Berry, or was it the top executives' jealousy the main driver for Berry's firing?

English as a Second Language Essay

America is truly a great nation. With all its progress, everyone outside the country desire to live and migrate in this country. In fact, it has become a popular migration destination aside from Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Thus, in every city in America, there are communities of people with diverse culture and origin. Hence, this paper attempts to dissect the policies being implemented by the government concerning English as a second language in America. History  The history of Bilingual Education in the United States can be traced in the founding of America as the nation’s founder adopted neither an official language nor a government-sanctioned body to regulate speech (Ovando, 2003, p. 1). Carlos T. Ovando of the Arizona State University reveals that behind the monolingual culture image of America, thousands of other American Indian languages were spoken in the 15th century, paving for the complexities and diversities in the linguistic culture of America. But Ovando says, most of these languages were filtered along with their cultural realities, as the founders envisioned a â€Å"country with a unified history, traditions, and a common language† (2003, p. 2). Ovando noted that this vision was based in general on the English system and schooling practices (2003, p. 2). But, language policy controversies from the beginning not prevented the founders to enforce a mono-language system or to regulate speech (2003, p. 2). During that time European language particularly Spanish was dominant that they were treated with respect more likely than others, and their speaker being accommodated in school and government services. Ovando calls this formative period as the period of â€Å"linguistic tolerance† because of the absence of strong and solid policy on language diversity (Ovando, p. 3). As the influx of immigrants from European countries continuous, diversity of language continuous to widen as immigrants hang on to their maternal languages. Thus, in the 19th century, laws were passed authorizing Bilingual Education. American states were allowed bilingual instructions in public and private schools (Ovando, p. 4). Research Many individual Americans were so concerned to have a national language and this reflected in the slogan â€Å"one country one language† (Ovando and Willey as cited in the work of Reid and Bourne, p. 141). The most notable was Noah Webster who attempted to create â€Å"a unique national character defined by common American English (Ovando and Willey as cited in the work of Reid and Bourne, p. 41). Their desire must be legitimate since English language has now been spoken around the world by about 1. 5 billion people. That means, English language has now become global and a stand as a medium of communication world wide. Thus, there is a need to teach English on schools not only in America but in every country of the world. Jill Bourne and Evan Reid pointed out that because of English is widely spoken; it has a wide range of context from air-traffic control down to popular music (p. 161). These according to Reid and Bourne create a need to learn English language to be able to communicate internationally. In the report made by Patricia Anne DiCerbo, throughout America, many foreign students are enrolling ranging from elementary to high schools, which’s common reason is migration from many parts of the world; and the dominant group among other groups is the Spanish-speaking people who are mostly coming from Latin America. She also noted that this group of students is the fastest growing group in the United States. These students are facing a lot of challenges in terms of academic performance because of language barrier. This problem poses some problems; for instance, in her (DiCerbo’s) report, about fifty-fifty percent of Latino Youth are having the opportunity to graduate or finish high school. This simple report gave DiCerbo a perception that English Language Learning should be given to foreign students. Ovando in the book English Language Learning in America pointed out some reasons or fears why English language is now being pushed (as cited by Reid and Bourne, p. 138). A lot of Americans are worried about the influx of immigrants from Latin America for fear they may pose threat to the cultural integrity of the nation. There are common concerns that American cities will be filled with Spanish or German-speaking aliens; and they live for years speaking only their own mother tongue and will never learn English (Reid and Bourne, p. 138). Another thing is that they fear that foreign language speakers may weakened the national body of politics as what had happened in Quebec, Canada because of the dominant French speaking aliens. Ovando quoted Governor Dick Lamn’s statement emphasizing the need to make English the official language in schools and in government. The statement said â€Å"immigrants who fail to assimilate in the society are social time bombs. † Finally, Ovando emphasized that in order for any one to get ahead; one has to be fluent in English (p. 138). In view of the above historical background, there is no reason to reject English Language Learning for it does in the first place, emphasize the need for everyone to learn and be fluent in English. Carrasquillo and Rodriguez said that ELL students are encouraged to learn academic and skills in English (p. 20). English Language Learning according to them means only of advancing simultaneously in the stages of developing interpersonal skills, mastering subject area content and skills, and acquiring academic language proficiency for each subject area, all in their second language which is English (Carrasquillo and Rodriguez, p. 0). Through retention of ELL, limited English proficient students are given the opportunity to cope up deficiencies in learning using English as medium of communication. Theory For us to be able to make a conclusion regarding the issue of bilingual policy in education, it would be important to understand the theoretical argument regarding this matter. There are various theories about bilingual policies of the United States but as space constraint, this paper cited only one theory although, there are several theories that discussed about bilingual education in the United States such as theory of Kloss (1977-1988) regarding the tolerant mood during the formative years; Baron (1990) emphasizing on slight development of English Language for the past two hundred years; REcinto (1998) which is talking about poor language minorities. It is easy to agree that these theories help in understanding language policies, especially on making conclusion about the issue. As Ovando pointed out that history is full of evidence that support any of these theories. The theory of Heath (1983-1990) tells us that the relationship between the literacy practices from each community corresponds closely to the literacy practice and expectation of the school. Heath found out that children from other community with English as their second language excel in their own community but fell behind in school. These children are perceived as lacking in school readiness skills at the point of entry. This means that children having native language aside from English would have poor academic performance because of language deficiencies which supposed to be not since curriculum-wise, American schools are better. Foreign students are having deficiency in terms of literacy level because of racial division or factor. Conclusion America is an English-speaking nation and English language is the internationally accepted language. It is the sovereign right of America to enforce to its citizens the use of their tongue as official medium of instruction both in public and private, as well as in government. Language is very important and it is a unifying instrument of a nation. After centuries of tolerance, it is high time that America unites its citizens by being monolingual. This is highly important since America has become the convergence of many nations such as African, Asians, European and other languages in the world. If each of the foreign community living in the United States will use instructional materials in their native tongue, as well as use it as a medium of instruction inside the classroom, America is in danger of breaking into pieces their culture and language. In the same way, the government offered the ELL as a means to help immigrant students to cope up with the difficulty of speaking English in the classroom. This training provides necessary practices and lesson in order to develop communication skills among the students. Also, ELL is offered in all schools in America as part of the curriculum of students whose native language is not English. Thus, the ELL is thoroughly learned and mastered through which, students learn mastery of the language as well as skills of communication in English. In the words of Carlos Ovando, children need to learn the English language for them to get ahead.