Depression The Common Misconception Of Depression

Jillian Selanis May 27, 2013 Psych C Block Depression Nowadays Depression is a term that is often misused in society, the common misconception of depression is being sad for one or two days, but depression is much more severe than being sad or upset for a short period of time. Merriam- Webster Dictionary defines depression as â€Å" A serious medical condition in which a person feels very sad, hopeless, and unimportant and is often unable to live in a normal way.† Depression is usually a long period of sadness where an individual lacks motivation to do even the simplest tasks such as getting out of bed, taking a shower, and many more everyday activities. Depression is a fairly common mental illness and it is said that everyone will most likely experience some form of depression at least once in their lifetime. Depression however is usually very treatable. As depression is very common in the population there are a plethora of different causes of this illness. Depression is the result of chemical imbalances in the brain, which can be caused in many different ways. Three of the major causes of depression are personality, family history, and serious medical illness. Certain people have personalities that make them more at risk for depression. Those who have low self esteem, worry a lot, are perfectionists, and are sensitive to criticism are at a higher risk. Family history can cause depression if depression runs in an individuals family increasing their risk of encounteringShow MoreRelatedMental Disorders And The United States1370 Words   |  6 Pagesmisunderstand mental disorders and don’t bother trying to correct mistakes made by themselves or others. Depression is no exception. Although it is one of the most common mental disorders categorized in the United States, how is it still such an issue? Although it is so common many p eople do not recognize the signs in others due to media portrayal, gender stereotypes, and the many misconceptions about this serious mental disorder. People s moods never stay the same, they change depending on yourRead MoreEssay on Misconceptions About Depression985 Words   |  4 Pagessuicide. Depression is far more complicated than it appears to be. Just like many other mental disorders, there are a conglomeration of symptoms, and not every person shares the same symptoms as their counterpart does. This causes difficulty in categorizing someone as depressive. Merriam-Webster characterizes depression as â€Å"a serious medical condition in which a person feels very sad, hopeless, and unimportant and often is unable to live in a normal way.† There are a multitude of misconceptions aboutRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )791 Words   |  4 Pagesalso common in school teachers who are in a position to recognize the problem in their students before the parents. In the research study conducted by Sciutto et al (2015), researchers found that several misconceptions were common throughout the world abo ut the symptoms, causes, and treatments of ADHD. Misconceptions about symptoms or causes can lead to a reduction in recognition and diagnosis of the disorder. Without a diagnosis, it is unlikely that treatment would be sought. Misconceptions aboutRead MoreDepression: Facts vs. False1172 Words   |  5 Pages Depression has become a world-wide epidemic that is still doubted by the general public. Classified as an illness, it affects men and women, young and old, black and white, both mentally and physically. Many believe that depression is simply a creative choice one’s mind, but mental and physical depression is a true debilitating condition. By dictionary definition, depression is a severe despondency and dejection, typically felt over a period of time and accompanied by feelings of hopelessness andRead MoreThe Publics Interaction With Anxiety, Depression, And Its Treatment1587 Words   |  7 Pages The Publics Interaction with Anxiety, Depression, and its Treatment Elijah-Smith-Antonides Community College of Road Island General Psychology Traci A. Rossi December 5th, 2016 â€Æ' The Publics Interaction with Anxiety, Depression, and its Treatment The treatment of mental disorders has made a huge amount of progress since the original days of cutting open a person’s head and letting the demons leak out. It seems that depression and anxiety are on the rise these days demanding more attentionRead MoreSuicide Is The Act Of Intentionally Taking Your Own Life874 Words   |  4 Pagesare more than 1,000 suicides on college campuses per year and depression affects 1 out of every 7 Americans. The Jed Foundation also states that more Americans suffer from depression than coronary heart disease, cancer, and HIV/AIDS. According to the Suicide and Suicidal Behavior: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, suicide and suicidal behaviors usually occur in people with bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, depression, drug or alcohol use, post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), schizophreniaRead MoreFactors That Affect The Treatment Of Tina Depression1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to examine important misc onceptions of psychopathology which could impact the treatment of Tina depression. Discuss her symptoms of depression, intake interview, and why the counselor’s own perception of psychopathology is extremely important in the diagnostic process (GCU, 2015). Make sure her family member knows about medications, treatments, referrals, and any other special instructions (Wolters, 1999). MISCONCEPTIONS OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY We had a subject namedRead MoreMisrepresentation Of Depression Throughout Society1720 Words   |  7 PagesSandis Walter English 122-12 Professor Schilling 16 October 2017 Misrepresentation of Depression Throughout Society In America, only 50% of people with major depressive disorder seek treatment for their illness (Holmes). Just as many people avoid seeing a physician, people will avoid facing mental health because of the fear that something is wrong. Through stigmas created in society, mental illness is viewed as unnatural, and having a therapist or taking medication is the easy way out. Many articlesRead MoreSpreading Awareness About Elderly Suicide956 Words   |  4 Pagesthose who are old (Moody Sasser, 2010). This has a lot of moral implications because it shows a lazy society who just encourages depression rather than finding a way to fix the problem. The first way to spread awareness is to be aware of the common misconceptions about suicide. Everyone should be aware of them so they can help other people better. The first misconception is that suicidal people are very determined to kill themselves and there is nothing society can do to stop them. According to SuicideRead More Depression Essay803 Words   |  4 PagesDepression There are many misconceptions about depression. Pathological depression is not the dispirited or down mood, which we all experience from time to time, and which causes us to say, Im depressed, but it is a debilitating illness that affects one in five people of all ages from children to adults. It is not just a passing mood swing. Depression can affect not only a persons mood but also his or her ability to function normally. Treatment is available yet quite a number do not

Essay On Risk-Dependent Lncrnas - 727 Words

3) Risk-dependent lncRNAs transcripts significantly recaptured both neural tube-specific enhancers that were validated in-vivo and the neuroblastoma-susceptibility variations that were found by GWASs. In order to discover oncogenic noncoding loci, we first asked whether deregulated noncoding transcripts between two distinct risk-groups over-represent functional enhancers that have been evident by tissue-specific enhancer activities and disease-susceptibility alleles in neuroblastoma. To identify functional enhancers from transcriptome profiling, we have reanalyzed dysregulated transcripts derived from total RNA-seq data (GSE49711, n=498, tumor cell content 60%) pertaining to neuroblastoma patients with risk-stratifications (28). To†¦show more content†¦Specifically, over 1400 positively validated tissue-specific enhancers were downloaded from the VISTA Enhancer Browser (31). These in-vivo validation was tissue-specific, thus an empirical p-value was also calculated per type of tissue and enriched for neural tube (empirical P0.005, Fig 3D). We conclude that risk-group dependent lncRNAs are a powerful metric to indicate tissue-specific functional enhancers. A â€Å"risk-dependent enhancer† was hereafter defined from the neuro-tube-specific enhancers if its locus overlaps with any risk-dependent lncRNAs. Oncogenic signaling underlying these tissue-specific and risk-dependent enhancers is ready for interpretation. We identified 37 neural tube-specific risk-dependent enhancers, of which we observed three strong associations to oncogenesis below: - We first inquired the TF binding potency, as the binding of sequence-specific TFs to cognate motifs is typically required by enhancers to regulate gene expression (32). 70 human TFs showed significant binding potency (odds1.5, FDR0.001, with more than 10% instance proportion), with tumorigenic regulator FoxM1 among the top 5 (Fig 3E). - None housekeeping genes were captured, agreeing with the idea that housekeeping genes are in general regulated by simple promoters (1). In contrast, these TFs significantly over-represent known oncogenes (P=0.01, odds=5) and tumor suppressor genes (P=0.0003, odds=7.5, Fig

Economic Crisis in Spain free essay sample

The European economic crisis started in year 2010, the first visible serious problem was the debt crisis in the Greece and then other problems have showed. But the main fault had beginning in inconsistent European integration process. The EU has chosen halfway solution of economic integration they have accepted just common monetary policy without the fiscal union. So from the very beginning of common European currency project instantly grew problems between integrated states, because unified monetary policy wasn’t convenient to everybody. Low interest rate (fixed by ECB) caused that some of the marginal economics have been growing too fast and on the opposite side developed economics have been growing really slowly. In the Spain low interest rate after year 2002 caused a boom in construction and Spanish economy became extremely dependent on this type of sector. The annual GDP growth was until year 2008 in interval 2-4%. But the inflation rate was significantly higher than interest rates, so finally real interest rates were in negative values. Thanks to that in the Spain mortgages were cheap in that time and its demand of private sector was enormous. But Spanish banks didn’t have enough liquidity and had to use the external capital. Other inequality at market was showed when with growing price of real estate also grew its demand. However Spanish government discharged the fiscal criteria accepted by EU, they couldn’t control this irresponsible behaviour of private sector, because interest rates were held by ECB. So after collapse of the US mortgage market when ECB elevated interest rates, Spanish construction sector got into the trouble, real estate lost its prices and some people wasn’t able to pay back their mortgages. Construction and related sectors have a high share of national income in Spain, so crisis stroke there with bigger thrust. If we look for achieved agreements in EU, we can see that in 1997 future Euro-zone states accepted the Stability and Growth Pact as some kind of substitute for common fiscal pact. Regardless of fines the Portugal has broken it in 2001, lately followed by the France and the Germany, so in 2005 monetary union states decided to make its repressive part weaker. Analogous end had so called â€Å"no bail-out clause†, which should protect fiscally responsible states from paying for irresponsible ones in monetary union. However, as we know, the Greece received financial help in May 2010. Right after Euro-zone states founded temporary rescue mechanism, one of his parts was EFSF. Proclamations said that it wasn’t design to usage, but during years 2010-2012 ESFS provided financial help to the Ireland, the Portugal, the Spain and the Cyprus. For year 2013 were planned start of permanent ESM, but finally it was in progress from July 2012 because doubt crisis intensified and both mechanisms worked at the same time. So to run off the crisis Spanish government use the austerity policy. The main austerity points of 2013 budget are: * a 12% average cut in ministerial spending a freeze in public sector pay for the third consecutive year * a new independent authority to monitor government finances * an increase in pensions funded by drawing on 3bn euros of reserves * a new 20% tax on lottery wins above 2,500 euros The Spanish government said that it was a crisis budget designed to exit the crisis. They also mentioned their strong conviction that reducing of governments deficit would focus more on spending cuts than tax rises. Government believe that these cuts w ould reduce the deficit by 0. 7% of GDP in 2013. Prime Minister Rajoy has promised cut total deficit to 6. 3% in 2013 and under 3% by 2014 which should mean savings around 60 billion euros until 2014. The main reason of this policy is to convince investors that the Spain is taking its finances under control. But the Spain needs financial help for the bank sector (59bn euros in 2012) and it has been conditioned by austerity politics. Also in case of future problems the ECB promised to buy Spanish bonds but with the same condition as I mentioned bellow, austerity. Since his election, Prime minister has tried to go easy on spending cuts, but for now the markets (and the ECB) are giving him little choice. But spending cuts hurt the economy; people save the money, companies have existential problems that lead to lower tax revenues and more spending on unemployed benefits. In the end the government needs more money than anticipated, so the deficit is getting higher. In 2012 around 800k people lost their jobs and estimates for this year are talking about half a million people more. â€Å"Classic† way how to restart economy and resolve problems is devalued the currency, but it is not possible for the Spain. Instead of external devaluation, slowly and more painful internal devaluation takes place in the Spain, which means poorer inhabitants, lower pensions and worse public service. Problem is that Spanish budget don’t account with the large hidden looses in bank sector, that may appear and in that case the government has to take care of them. Also OECD expressed in its outlook that exist serious doubts that Spain will miss targets for cutting its budget deficit until 2014 due to recession caused by cuttings and of course, more cuttings would just make the problem worst. Other problem is institutional, majority of borrowed money is provided to local governments so state cannot directly control this money and ensure declared savings. Also the fact is that now unemployment is around 25% (just 8% before the crisis) and according to the Eurostat only Bulgaria and Romania now have a higher percentage of people deemed at risk of poverty. Some economist called nowadays situation as a Europes austerity madness, they are convinced that cuts are exorbitant and slow down economic growth too much. I agree that they are slowing down the growth, but if we look to the causes of crisis, we can see that before the crisis (in the Spain) there was significant growth. But for now amount of debts in EU is mostly higher than 60% of GDP, which is the problem we have to face. So according to my point of view is better first reducing them. Thanks to that states are in recession, but I personally think if we made more debts to support the economy, it would bring us during few years another crisis and worst one. We don’t need time to postpone our problems and wait until economic growth will resolve it. We need to face it, do radical changes to pretend it, we need responsible economic politics, and we cannot spend money of our grandchildren now, just because we are used to accelerating tempo of growing standard of living. I understand that these policies are unpopular, but I think they are also necessary.

The Giants Revolt Essays - Titans, Greek Mythology, Giants, Gigantes

The Giants Revolt The Giants' Revolt Enraged because Zeus had confined their brothers, the Titans, in Tartarus, certain tall and terrible giants plotted an assault on Heaven. They had been born from Mother Earth at Thracian Phlegra, twenty-four in number. Without warning, they seized rocks and fire-brands and hurled them upwards from their mountain tops, so that the Olympians were hard pressed. Hera prophesied that the giants could never be killed by any god, but only by a single, lion-skinned mortal; and that even he could do nothing unless the enemy were anticipated in their search for a certain herb of invulnerability, which grew in a secret place on earth. Zeus at once took counsel with Athene; sent her off to warn Heracles, the lion-skinned mortal; and forbade Eos, Selene, and Helius to shine for a while. Under the light of the stars, Zeus groped about, found the herb, and brought it safely to Heaven. The Olympians could now join battle with the giants. Heracles let loose his first arrow against Aclyoneus, the enemy's leader. He fell, but sprang up again revived, because this was his native soil of Phlegra. 'Quick!' cried Athene. 'Drag him away to another country!' Heracles caught Aclyoneus and dragged him over the Tracian border, where he despatched him with a club. Then Prophyrion l

Red Cabbage Juice Makes an Egg White Turn Green

Red Cabbage Juice Makes an Egg White Turn Green Red cabbage juice contains a natural pH indicator that changes color from purple to green under basic (alkaline) conditions. You can use this reaction to make a fried green egg. This a great chemistry project for St. Patricks Day (March 17th) or to make green eggs and ham for Dr. Seusss birthday (March 2nd). Or, you can just make green eggs to gross out your family. Its all good. Green Egg Materials You only need two basic ingredients for this easy food science project: eggred (purple) cabbage Prepare the Red Cabbage pH Indicator There are several ways you can prepare red cabbage juice for use as a pH indicator. Heres what I did: Coarsely chop about a half cup of red cabbage.Microwave the cabbage until it is soft. This took me about 4 minutes.Allow the cabbage to cool. You may wish to set it in a refrigerator to speed things up.Wrap the cabbage in a coffee filter or paper towel and squeeze the cabbage. Collect the juice in a cup.You can refrigerate or freeze leftover juice for later experiments. Fry a Green Egg Spray a pan with cooking spray. Heat the pan over medium-high heat.Crack an egg and separate the egg white from the yolk. Set the yolk aside.In a small bowl, mix the egg white with a small amount of red cabbage juice. Did you see the color change? If you mix the egg white and red cabbage juice thoroughly then the white of the fried egg will be uniformly green. If you only lightly mix the ingredients you will end up with a green egg that has white splotches. Yummy!Add the egg white mixture to the hot pan. Set the egg yolk in the middle of the egg. Fry it and eat it like you would any other egg. Note the cabbage does flavor the egg. Its not necessarily bad, just not what you expect eggs to taste like. How It Works The pigments in red cabbage are called anthocyanins. Anthocyanins change color in response to changes in acidity or pH. Red cabbage juice is purplish-red under acidic conditions, but changes to a blue-green color under alkaline conditions. Egg whites are alkaline (pH ~9) so when you mix the red cabbage juice into the egg white the pigment changes color. The pH does not change as the egg is cooked so the color is stable. Its also edible, so you can eat the fried green egg! Easy Blue Eggs Green isnt the only color you can get using edible pH indicators. Another option is to use butterfly pea flowers. Steeping the flowers in boiling water produces a deep, vivid blue that is safe to add to any food or drink. While red cabbage juice has a distinctive (some would say unpleasant) flavor, butterfly pea does not have a flavor. You can get a red cabbage at pretty much any grocery store, but youll probably have to go online to find butterfly pea flowers or tea. It is inexpensive and it lasts practically forever. To make blue eggs, simply prepare butterfly pea tea in advance. Mix in a few drops of the tea with the egg white to achieve the desired color. Cook the egg. You can drink or freeze any leftover tea. Butterfly pea flower, like red cabbage juice, contains anthocyanins. The color change is different though. Butterfly pea is blue under neutral to alkaline conditions. It turns purple in very dilute acid and hot pink when more acid is added. More Color Change Food Experiment with other edible pH indicators. Examples of foods that change color in response to pH include beets, blueberries, cherries, grape juice, radishes, and onion. You can choose an ingredient that complements the flavor of the food in just about any color you desire. In most cases, prepare a pH indicator by soaking finely minced plant matter in boiling water until the color is extracted. Pour off the liquid for later use. A handy way to save the liquid for later is to pour it into an ice cube tray and freeze it. For fruits and flowers, consider preparing a simple syrup. Mash or macerate the produce and heat it with sugar solution until it boils. The syrup may be used as-is or mixed in as an ingredient in recipes.

Aporia Definition and Examples

Aporia Definition and Examples Aporia is a  figure of speech in which the speaker expresses real or simulated doubt or perplexity. The adjective is  aporetic. In classical rhetoric, aporia means placing a claim in doubt by developing arguments on both sides of an issue. In the terminology of deconstruction, aporia is a final impasse or paradoxthe site at which the text most obviously undermines its own rhetorical structure, dismantles, or deconstructs itself. Etymology: From the Greek, without passagePronunciation: eh-POR-ee-eh Examples and Observations David MikicsScholars have described as aporetic early Socratic dialogues like the Protagoras (ca. 380 BCE), which end in puzzlement rather than resolution, and which fail to supply convincing definitions of sought-after concepts like truth and virtue. At the end of the Protagoras, wrote the philosopher Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard, Socrates and Protagoras resemble two bald men searching for a comb.Peter FalkI dont think its proving anything, Doc. As a matter of fact, I dont even know what it means. Its just one of those things that gets in my head and keeps rolling around in there like a marble.William WordsworthIf living sympathy be theirsAnd leaves and airs,The piping breeze and dancing treeAre all alive and glad as we:Whether this be truth or noI cannot tell, I do not know;Naywhether now I reason well,I do not know, I cannot tell.Ford Maddox FordAm I no better than a eunuch or is the proper manthe man with the right to existencea raging stallion forever neighing after his neighbor’ s womankind? Or are we meant to act on impulse alone? It is all a darkness. Julian WolfreysA particularly striking example of the experience of the aporetic appears in Karl Marxs consideration of the commodity fetish, where he finds it logically impossible to explain, within the limits of his discourse, what transforms material into its mystified form as desired commodity, and what invests the commodity object with its commodified mystique.David LodgeRobin wrote the word with a coloured felt-tip marker on the whiteboard screwed to the wall of her office. Aporia. In classical rhetoric it means real or pretended uncertainty about the subject under discussion. Deconstructionists today use it to refer to more radical kinds of contradiction or subversion of logic or defeat of the readers expectation in a text. You could say that its deconstructions favourite trope. Hillis Miller compares it to following a mountain path and then finding that it gives out, leaving you stranded on a ledge, unable to go back or forwards. It actually derives from a Greek word meaning a pathless path.

Introduction to Operating Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Introduction to Operating Systems - Assignment Example In regard to multiple task systems, improved performance seen through the system ensuring that each process gets sufficient of the processors time to work properly (McGraw 2012). In a single task system, a single process controls the central processing and the central processing unit dedicated to the running process. The primary function of the central processing unit in this case is the task only (Joshi 2006). In the multi tasking system, the active task allocated the greatest time of the central processing unit while the rest of the time apportioned to the other tasks. The apportionment depends on the aspects of which the programs are working while not active. Last priority goes to tasks that are not doing anything but left running. Computers productivity can be further improved through the use of both software and hardware that are trustworthy. According to Morley & Parker (2009) maintenance upgrading and updating the computers software goes a long way in improving its productivity. This method is the main strategy employed in ensuring increased computer productivity. Other strategies include uncluttering documents and the desktop and the use of shortcuts and centralizing

Business Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business - Coursework Example 2). Teachings on active leadership associate goals through instituting power and enthusiasm by enforcing compliance of different people. Various theories provide ideas on the advancement of sufficient character. Sets of personality assure good leadership because of admired habits on the nature of effective leadership. Leaders choose across Americans by regular people rather than the scion of elite East Coast at Yale University. Leadership adopts group identity and presidents, especially chief executives, who employ various approaches to identities as the result of effective leadership. Besides, ideas on effective leadership were developed by Bush assistance during massive confusions of 9/11 (Reicher, Haslam & Platow, 2007, p. 2). Information concerning 9/11 promotes and assists different people in enhancing national unity. In addition, effective leadership is encouraged in activities of capitalism and the western world. 100 years ago, Max Weber, a renowned German social and political theorist, presented ideas on charismatic leadership. His ideas focused on the antidote of grim prognosis. The ideas dwelled on industrial society without including leadership priorities. The notion of charisma endured and attracted diverse challenges. The instabilities following World War 1 when a majority of scholars continued to viewing the effects that strong leadership brings in survival (Reicher, Haslam & Platow, 2007, p. 2). The majority of leaders changed against various notions that show and determine effectiveness in leadership qualities. The concepts represent changes of charisma to a consensus because attractions and resistance affects leadership qualities. Social identities of leadership in experiments attract BBC prison study. Investigations of social behavior assist in conducting simulated prison environments. Random assignments of volunteers include guards

Enterprise System Essay Example for Free

Enterprise System Essay This report analyses a fast moving goods companys information systems. The report analyses the companys major types of information systems, including a more detailed assessment of its Decision Support System and issues relating to hardware and software technology and telecommunications. The company that will be analysed in this report is a subsidiary of large international fast moving consumer goods company. The business of the subsidiary company is the bottling and selling of mineral water in Vietnam. Information for this report is based on 2 interviews held with the recently retired Chair of the company (to be referred to as the Chair). The Chair had some reservations about being interviewed for this assignment due to possible commercial in confidence issues. Ron Williams agreed that neither the actual names of the subsidiary company (to be referred to as FMCG Ltd nor the international fast moving goods company (to be referred to as International Ltd) have to be used in the assignment. The report also includes an analysis of the Canberra Institute of Technologys website. Question 1 (a) Introduce the organisation. Describe the organisations features such as business processes, culture, structure, environment, business strategy FMCG Ltd has been operating for some 6 years in Vietnam and was the first entrant into the mineral market there. FMCG Ltd is managed separately from International Ltd and has an entrepreneurial culture and a flat management structure. It is highly profitable. The spring water market in Vietnam is now saturated, with a number of imitation products available locally. This makes further growth in market share by the company difficult to achieve. The companys main strategy is to increase profits through efficiencies in its supply chain. This has been achieved, in part, due to an improvement in business Information Systems (IS) through the establishment of an Enterprise System, which will be discussed in this report. The information system enables the company to maintain close control of the supply chain. FMCG Ltd has recently introduced its own sales staff to supply the retailers of its products. This has been critical in ensuring the products are effectively placed and promoted. This has enabled the company to increase its sales dramatically. The use of the companys own sales force allows important sales information to be gathered and fed into the companys information system. This information assists the company, the wholesalers and the retailers. The company closely supervises and assists the wholesalers, retailers and the company that is responsible for collecting the mineral water at its source. The Chair said that the Enterprise System is the heart of the company. The company uses the system to increase the companys efficiency and profitability. Fahy discusses the benefits of strategic enterprise systems (Fahy, 2001). He emphasises the importance of the management issues as well as the technical challenges associated with introducing such a system. The Chair said that he agreed with this comment. The Chair also said that the benefits of such a system as outlined by Laudon (Laudon, 2002) were experienced by FMCG Ltd .

The 1918-1919 Influenza Epidemic Essay -- The Great Influenza Pandemic

â€Å"I made money rapidly,† Charles Sligh explained, â€Å"The demands for flowers frequently were so great that all the florists in this community exhausted their supply daily, and the prices of everything were very high then.†1 Along with florists, funeral directors, and orderlies were also making a killing during World War One. â€Å"The undertaker which was half a block away from me had pine boxes on the sidewalk, pilled high. Me and two of my friends would go down there and play on those boxes; it was like playing on the pyramids.†2 Although business was booming for these professions, it was not because of the war. It was the result of an unexpected killer that swept across the world claiming victims at an unprecedented rate. The 1918-1919 influenza pandemic stretched its lethal tentacles all over the globe, even to the most remote areas of the planet, killing fifty million people or possibly even more. Influenza killed more people in a year than the Black Death of the Middle Ages killed in a century, and it killed more people in twenty-four weeks than AIDS has killed in twenty-four years.3 Influenza normally kills the elderly and infants, but this deadly and abnormal strand claimed young people, those in their twenties or thirties as its target victims. Such was the case for Jules Bergeret. Jules was a â€Å"big, strapping man† who owned a tavern during the epidemic, and on December 11 he celebrated his 32 birthday. Within two weeks Jules, his mother, his sister, and his 25 year old wife all fell victim to the flu, and on December 22 he was dead.4 The virus left victims bleeding out of their nose ears and mouth; some coughing so hard that autopsies would later show that abdominal muscles an d rib cartilage had been torn. Victims ... ...: A Survey, (1927) John. M. Barry, The Great Influenza, The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History (New York: Penguin, 2004), 179 â€Å"Gauze Masks for men on port keep Flu away,† Stars and Stripes, November, 1, 1918. Nancy K. Bristow, American Pandemic, The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 193 John. M. Barry, The Great Influenza, The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History (New York: Penguin, 2004), 171 Nancy K. Bristow, American Pandemic, The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 156 Anne A. Colon, â€Å"Experiences during the Epidemic,† The American Journal of Nursing (1919): 607 â€Å"Spanish Influenza†, Journal of the American Medical Association 71(8):660 Katherine Anne Porter, Pale Horse, Pale Rider (United States: The Modern Library, 1936), 255

Private School Essay

Some people feel that responsibility for providing education should be borne only by the government and that private education should be banned. In recent day, private school systems become more popular day by day. In fact, there are not many parents can afford to pay for their children to study in private school. Thus, this education system should be banned or extended as public school. This essay will discuss about that. Firstly, private schools biggest disadvantage is cost. The tuition for all of private school systems is very high. This is because every physical facility comes from tuition and donations without state grants. That one of reasons why the private school is not the first choice of many parents. Secondly, the students in private school have no change to do physical activity. So the public schools are more appropriate with students have athletic ability than private schools. Thirdly, the most of students in private school lack of national history knowledge because they just focus on math, science and foreign language. On the other hand, there are many reasons exist for people to choose private schools. Learning environment seems to be the best advantage of private school. There are fewer students in there than public schools so they will likely get a better education. In addition, the facility is fully supported lead to more effective education. Moreover, private school is a good environment to improve English and students have more opportunities to study oversea. Last but not least, private schools have better discipline than public schools. Parents have paid to make sure that their children are learning in a safe environment. In my opinion, the private education should not be banned. I believe that it will bring us many benefits if we extend private education.

Poverty and Social Stratification Essay

Absolute poverty corresponds to the situation wherein the individual person cannot survive or live due to lack of basic needs or resources such as food, water, clothes, medicines and the likes. On the other hand, Relative Poverty is the situation wherein the person could not satisfy his personal wants but this does not imply that the person is not going to survive. Social Stratification simply denotes the systems of layers and/or divisions made in the society that shall reflect their relative poverty or wealth. It is not focus in the individual person but instead refer to a larger group of people. The different kinds of Social Stratification are class systems, caste system and slavery systems. Today a so-called Global Stratification exist that categorizes each country according to their economy, population and wealth or national income. The most industrialized countries relatively are the wealthiest, their economy are mostly capitalist. The industrializing or otherwise known as developing countries have much lower standard of living and income than the industrialized. The least industrialized countries are the most poverty stricken. It includes majority of the South East Asian, Latin America and most of Africa. Most analyst believes that the economic growth of a country lies on raising the social standing of women, because in most industrialized countries women are given equal opportunity like men while in the least industrialized countries women are commonly regarded to have lower social status and capabilities than men. Uplifting the standing of men in a society would generally increase the labor force. Educating women would create women who are as much competitive as that of men. This type of women would be able to compete with men in a capitalist setting. Only when there is an equal treatment between men and women could a society fruitfully developed. Otherwise, women would be stagnant part of the economic system. The more players there are in an economic system the faster is the economic progress since there are more participants. References Relative and Absolute Poverty. Retrieved on November 9, 2006. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www. qvctc. commnet. edu/brian/soc/sld027. htm Global Social Stratification. Retrieved on November 9, 2007. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://72. 14. 253. 104/search? q=cache:jmq-xfTAm0UJ:www. ilstu. edu/~jeweinz/soc106/notes/ch7notes. doc+global+social+stratification&hl=tl&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=ph

Collective Nouns and Verb Agreement in Spanish

Collective Nouns and Verb Agreement in Spanish Collective nouns - singular nouns that refer to more than one being or thing - arent consistently treated as either singular or plural in Spanish. Grammar Rules for Using Collective Nouns There is one grammar rule, however, that is clear: When the collective noun  is followed immediately by a verb, the noun is treated as singular. La gente cree que las cosas estn mal. (People believe things are bad).La muchedumbre fue manipulada. (The crowd was manipulated.)Sobre el papel, el equipo era muy competitivo. (On paper, the team was very competitive.) However, when there are words that intervene - especially de followed by a plural noun - Spanish speakers are inconsistent in the verbs they use. Authorities also disagree on which choice of verb is proper. Note the following examples, all found  through a search of mainstream Spanish-language web pages: Somos un grupo de personas que conforma la lista de correo electrà ³nico. (We are a group of people who belong to an email list.)Somos un grupo de personas que deseamos compartir con ustedes. (We are a group of people who wish to share with you.)Un rebaà ±o de nubes negras pasea por el cielo. (A group of dark clouds marches across the sky.)El rebaà ±o de hembras deben integrarse en el de los machos. (The herd of females ought to blend with one of males.)Cerca de la mitad de las personas en edad de jubilacià ³n en el mundo no reciben ningà ºn tipo de pensià ³n. (About half of the worlds people of retirement age will not receive any kind of pension.)La mitad de las empresas espaà ±olas realizar on line el 20 por ciento de sus transacciones. (Half of Spanish businesses will carry out 20 percent of their transactions online.)Una docena de chicos se alimenta en el basural. (A dozen children are feeding themselves in the dump.)Una docena de entidades crean una plataforma para impuls ar el laicismo. (A dozen entities are creating a platform to promote expanded use of the laity.) There are some authorities who indicate that the choice of singular or plural verb depends on whether it refers more to the group or to the individual entities that make up the group. But as you can see from the examples above, in real speech no such distinction is made.

Free sample - Spatial architecture of underground design. translation missing

Spatial architecture of underground design. Spatial architecture of underground designFollowing the submission of the abstract on the creation of an underground construction, the following thesis will mainly deal with the designing of a sub-surface space. The creation of extensive underground complexes and even the idea of entire futuristic cities therefore warrant the need to provide near natural conditions for the survival of the inhabitants. This program will generally be based on the precedent-based research on underground space both the vernacular and existing underground developmental projects. The program is therefore dubbed Korean War Memorial with artificial lighting and aeration, aimed at going down memory lane, for rediscovering purposes.[1] The site of this architectural design will be Seoul, the capital of South Korea which was once the heart of the Korean War, and which is up to now being targeted by the North Korea. The thesis program is namely Koran War memorial. With this program, I look forward to pursuing an architectural spatial project with innovative planning in mind. In this program such aspects as air ventilation and light penetration, will be considered and also culture and inhabitable conditions.[2] This will mainly focus on the designing of an artificial aeration and lighting system that will be likened to the natural system. Focus will be on the spatial arrangement of these aspects. In the past, underground space was associated with death, that is burial, and also in war, where soldiers would hide in bunkers. However, current development has since changed that notion and underground dwellings are being designed. And since the natural light and aeration do not penetrate underground, there is therefore need to provide an artificial one that would supplement, and in order for this to happen, there is a reason to study spatial arrangement of the design building. This is in order to bring out maximal output of the underground setting for maximum comfort. The Korean War Memorial with artificial lighting would therefore take people into the past and bring out a feeling of the past in the future.[3]

Motivation is a very important force that affects and directs our Essay

Motivation is a very important force that affects and directs our behaviour. As a consequence, it is a vital factor for teachers to understand and apply in the - Essay Example Alcott’s, Little Women. Two different interesting books written by two women driven by their passion in writing intended to impart a part of their lives for the society. L.M. Alcott unlike J.K Rowling with her magical adventure, L.M. Scott’s Little Women was about her childhood. She used her own childhood to appeal to the hearts of both young and old embarking on self-expression and women’s rights. Also, her novel draws the public because it’s story of real people struggling to achieve life’s happiness along with it, to learn life’s lesson (Lkwdpl.org, 2006) Ofofegbu (2004) asserts that teacher motivation is equated with the attitude of a teacher concerning work. It has to do with teacher’s desire to participate in the pedagogical processes of the school environment. Moreover, it is concerned with teachers interest in student discipline and control particularly in the classroom. It can determine the involvement or non-involvement in academic and non-academic activities, which operate in schools. The teacher, is the one that translates educational philosophy and objective into knowledge and skill and transferring it to students. Classroom climate is important in teacher motivation. If a teacher creates a safe, healthy, happy atmosphere in the room with supportive resources and facilities for teaching for optimal learning, he/she tends to participate more than expected in the process of management, administration, and the overall improvement of the school. The teacher takes charge and projects the image of one who improves knowledg e and the physical conditions of the classroom through orderliness, discipline and control. He makes a diagnosis of students feelings and attitudes inferred by their behaviour and response in the classroom environment. Classroom management, curriculum, instruction, and teacher–student relationships must create a social context that sets up the pattern for successful

Learning Plan Outcome Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning Plan Outcome Report - Essay Example Patient assessment skills in the area of emergency nursing are important for several reasons (Sbaih, 2001). The most important of them is gradually increasing patient loads and increased waiting time. Nurses may segregate patients needing immediate attendance by being able to identify the patients with serious problems. This also fulfils two graduate qualities of the nurses, which are ability to apply knowledge in real situations and ability to identify the methodological and substantive limitations of the field and to apply a disciplined mode of enquiry in practice. To be able to apply nursing assessment skills in the patients with TIA needs ability to execute a detailed central nervous system examination to know whether the patient is progressing towards CVA. This is a changing situation in the patient's clinical status which can be determined through a thorough clinical examination. This clinical information must be located, evaluated, managed, and used in the clinical context of the patient's condition. It is evident that the clinical skill of the nurse in this context will be limited, and an accurate assessment of learning will imbibe this point (Schriver et al., 2003). This means this would also involve the capacity to evaluate current knowledge. In the real clinical scenario of the Emergency Department, this means an independent demonstration of the skill, and therefore, it means taking the responsibility for learning development. In order to reach a diagnosis which would classify the urgency of the patient means responding confidently to changing clinical scenarios in a flexible and adaptable manner, and a critical thinking approach would develop through this which would also promote sustenance of intellectual interest for further learning (Hageness et al., 2003) Product Information Fact Sheet on Clinical Assessment of TIA and CVA in the Emergency Nursing Q1. What is TIA Ans 1. TIA or transient ischemic attack is a state of transient deficiency of cerebrovascular blood supply leading to alterations in vision or speech, dizziness, weakness, a sudden fall, or a temporary paralysis on one side of the body. Usually, this is reversible, but calls for a detailed neurological examination to rule out any permanent neurological deficits (American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 2004). Q2. What is CVA Ans 2. CVA or cerebrovascular accident is also known as stroke or brain attack. By definition, it is occurrence and persistence of neurologic dysfunction for more than 24 hours as a result of disruption of blood supply to the brain in an irreversible manner (American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 2004). Q3. How does CVA occur Ans 3. Most of the CVAs are ischemic. About 30% of these patients may have hemorrhage within the brain to be attended, supported, admitted, and managed immediately for higher mortality and morbidity. Thus, in the emergency nursing area, it is important to identify the categories of these patients so appropriate management can be provided (Hickey, 2004). Q4. What are the other associated conditions in these patients Ans 4. TIA or CVA originates from diseases of the blood vessels. In some patients the associated heart disease is the cause of TIA or CVA. Hypertension is commonly associated with most of these cases. While assessing a patient with CVA, it is to be remembered that many

Macroeconomic Situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Macroeconomic Situation - Essay Example Further, it was expected that the private consumption for the year 2010 and the year 2011 would be restrained at 2.5 percent. The rate of unemployment for the year 2010 and the year 2011 has been expected to be over 9% (United Nations, 2010). It was pointed out that with the fall in the prices of houses in the United States; there will be negative influence upon the balance sheets of the households. This would further slow down the rate of consumption and thus increase the rate of savings. The low interest rates and inefficient economic conditions have evened out the weakness in the household net value. Further, the long-term related ‘government bond yields’ have declined in the United States (OECD Economic Outlook, 2010). It has been estimated that the fiscal policy of the country has been identified by the stimulus spending. Further, the remaining $470 billion is expected to be paid out in the year 2010 and 2011 with a smooth decline of its effect upon the economy (Cor porate Executive Board, 2010). It has been assessed that the rate of the Dollar has declined by 11% against Euro that was worth $1.47. The manufacturing industry is expected to rise in the US (Bloomberg, 2011).

Past Is The Key To The Future Philosophy Essay

Past Is The Key To The Future Philosophy Essay The things and deeds we did in past are now to give us fruit in present and also in the future. And our present which is going to be our past will give us its fruit in the future. The topic To look to the future One must study the past revloves in the region of past present and the future of all mankind. It covers the whole story of human being. Some think it is essential to study history in order to make their future bright but some think past has no concern with the future. Other thinks that future is related to present, the things they have in present remain same as in future. Different people have different believe on the same the topic. Why is it so? Due to the different experiences they have in their past life. In some way or another experience is second name of past. What actually affect the future? Experience affects the future. Future can never be predicted but we can strive to make it better by mean of the past experiences. Without knowing the past we repeat mistakes made in the past, and destroy our future. We cant say that we are guessing future upon the past, but in some way we can perk up our future by relating it to the events take place in past, and work to make it enhanced. No one knows what will happen in the future but the past lend us a hand and lead us to our destiny. There must be some reasons why past contribute a lot in building future. It is vitally important to study history and keeping the past in mind to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past and understand why things are as they are! We study history to learn where we were in the past and where we are now, to learn what worked for people in the past. We study history in order to remember the great achievements accompolished by our ancestors to make our future shine bright like diamonds and to remember the worst things happen in past and make sure not to do these things happen again in future. We study history to know what is the right thing to do and what is wrong so that we can understand what to do in life and how the wrong things happen and how we can be prevented. Just think, if we do not have a past what would we be today? Obviuosly nothing, if we dont know the hard works of our ancestor then how can we realize their great achievement, and what we can learn from their achievements and hardships and how can we pay respect to them. The biggest example is the achievement of Paskistan, if do not study history then how we could be able to compete with others and maintain or moral value. How could we realize and feel proud on our country, culture and faith. Without a past we couldnt go through life. Our personal life is also interrelated with past. We can call our past as our memory it can be good or bad. It depends upon us with whom we want go either with bad one or by good one. We can take experience from bad memory furthermore good memories give us courage to live. Its all about experiences. The more you know about history, the more you will be ready to build your future. The famous philosopher George Santayana wrote in 1896 in Reason in Common Sense, the Life of Reason, volume 1. Those who do not study history are doomed to repeat it. No one is strictly doomed to repeat it. But Yes! History repeats itself because no one pays attention for the first time. But if someone forgot the past they will surely repeat in number of manners. The game remains same but the player changes. Of course if we forgot something which we have to do then certainly we will some face outcome and consequences. There are many interesting events in the history which indicates us and enlighten with the truth about the words said above. Learning regarding the bad things in history is a way to prevent them from happening again. Furthermore, sometimes we even know the history we repeat it because we have not learn anything from it. It can be discussed by some examples which are taken from the link given below. http://www.city-data.com/forum/history/1023429-does-history-ever-repeat-itself-ww2.html#ixzz2EucrunZh (See the exact words from the link given above) In World War I Germany lost to France. In World War II Germany defeated France. When it came to the French they learned their lesson. They failed in other areas, particularly the invasion of Russia, where I could point out that they should have taken a page from Napoleons book and re-thought the campaign. When we debunked Vietnam vs. Afghanistan but, we can find examples to put them together. Though the wars are different, they also contain some similarities. Both were being fought to combat an idea; communism in one, terrorism in the other. As we all know, we cant fight a concept. Both were essentially nation building efforts that paralleled the war. Both were reliant upon corrupt and ineffectual local central governments who were needed for success. Both contain indigenous guerilla forces opposed to our presence. Both have little geo-political value outside of combating the concept that the area is spreading. Both are being fought essentially unilaterally with little support from other allies. So, while not everything is the same one can infer that based on the lessons of Vietnam (some of which we learned from and are using to effect in Afghanistan) the entire war is essentially doomed to failure as it is by definition unwinnable. Sayings often have root in reality. Sometimes we need to look hard and be a little more liberal in our interpretation, but they are valid in some cases. Some times for some people in some ways past acts as a greatest enemy of them. That who had a worst and most awful happening in their past life and couldnt cope up with them for such people past is the greatest enemy. They rely on their past and start blaming other things that they came from this background and so on and start asking their self that why this happened to them and think if it would not happen then they would be in pleasure instead of working for the future they humiliates their past. They do not even try to come out of it and to deal with other and this will how they lose with the fear of defeat, after some time it become impossible for them to come out of this and to glow and rise again. In some ways their society wont allow them to learn from their past, they keeping on repeating their past and let them feel bad and make them realize their mistakes and make them feel ashamed. This will lead them to disappointment. We study history to think and feel proud on our country and on our motherland. History also introduces us to the important people of past they may be our idol or evil who contributed a lot in the structure of our country. There are loads of other reasons why do we prefer to study history. It tell us where were in our past life and where we are going to be in the future. It tells us our originality where we came from and how things, people and times change, how the culture and belief developed and then how suddenly with the passage of time they changed. History takes us to new era where we can judge our selves. Similarly if we can judge and understand our selves by studying our past, then simply we can guess, judge and understand other by analyzing their past. By mean of studying history we can understand about people behavior when they acted and how they behaved in such manners. If we do not understand them then how will we make interaction with them and develop relations with them. It also develops our thinking and relating skills that how we can relate one thing with another and then get better result. Many philosophers, scholars say to gain and learn from your past experience in order to understand your life and move towards golden future and to learn lessons, wisdom and intelligence. Therefore, history leads us to understand the past and use this fact and figure to work in present and get better result in future. A person with no sense of the past is a person who is a stranger both to his or her own roots and to the human condition more generally. For human beings are not creatures of nature; we are inheritors of the history that has made us what we are. Not to know our history is not to know ourselves, and that is the condition not of human beings, but of animals. And even from a practical point of view, to be ignorant of the past is to make us impotent and unprepared before the present. How can someone without a sense of medieval history have the slightest inkling of the meaning of the current impasse the West finds itself in its dealings with Islam? The Crusades were not, as is often implied by Muslims and non-Muslims alike, a unique moment of anti-Islamic aggression. They were actually but one blip in the astonishing growth of Islamic empires in Europe and elsewhere, from the time of Mohammed onwards, right up to 1683 when the Turks were turned back from the gates of Vienna and 1686 when they were expelled from Budapest. But who now remembers any of this, or ponders its consequences? It is not, needless to say, taught in National Curriculum history, which prefers to dwell on the Aztecs, about whom we have only the vaguest knowledge in comparison, and (endlessly) on the rise of Fascism (not communism) in Europe, studied by pupils who know nothing of the history of Italy and Germany before the 20th century.   Is it any wonder that, with no sense of our past or identity as, in other moods, politicians increasingly complain we are a culture obsessed with celebrity, football, and reality television? Most of our population knows nothing else, and they have no yardstick from either history or culture with which to judge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (- Anthony OHear, The Telegraph) By the mean of understanding our history and looking into the future, we can conclude in a general sense where we were and we are going to be. Then, looking into the future, we can act in ways that built our future in the direction and ways we would like to see it and make it shine like a diamond.

Revenge In Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

What do you consider to the main theme(s) of Hamlet? Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a complex play where many themes are intertwined – themes that are essential to the development of the play. The issue of death and disease, both physical and emotional is very prevalent throughout the duration of the play, as well as fate and divine providence. The play also questions madness and whether it can be feigned, as well as corruption and its moral implications. Of course, who could forget the famous ‘To be or not to be’ soliloquy, where Hamlet not only questions life and death, but many of life’s other uncertainties as well. Undoubtedly, the most essential theme in the development of Hamlet is revenge and question ‘Does revenge pay?’ Revenge is a frighteningly bloodthirsty emotion, which causes people to act blindly and without reason. Revenge is a theme that is cleverly built upon throughout the extent of the play; with it being the driving force behind two of the main characters in the play. The play is introduced by the appearance of the ghost of Hamlet’s father in the first scene, which automatically gives the impression that something is amiss. This is later clarified by the statement that â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark† (Act1 Scene 4 Line 90). The ghost emerges before Hamlet and insinuates that his death was not as nocent as it may seem. The ghost urges Hamlet to â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (Act1 Scene 5 Line25) and informs him that â€Å"The serpent that did sting thy father’s life now wears his crown â€Å"(Act1 Scene5 Line 38). This appears to indicate that Hamlet’s father’s death was actually murder, and that the deed was committed by King Hamlet’s brother, Claudius, who had now taken over as King of Denmark. The Ghost taunts Hamlet, telling him that it is part of every man’s honour to avenge his death. Hamlet then becomes a part of Denmark’s foulness and wre tchedness when he agrees to avenge his father’s death. This is the beginning of a vicious cycle of hatred, death and revenge that destroys many lives. Soon after Claudius marries Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude, Hamlet feigns madness as a ploy to cover up his attempts to avenge his father’s death and to bring him closer to Claudius. One of the first things Hamlet does in his attempt to prove Claudius’ guilt is to have ‘The Mousetrap’ performed in court. ‘The Mousetrap recreates ... ...amned Dane, Drink off this potion. Is thy union here? Follow my mother.† Laertes dies, content that justice has been served and Hamlet himself dies soon after, his father’s death finally avenged. The obsession and need for revenge displayed by our two main characters eventually led them both to their downfall. Not only did it hurt themselves, but many others close to them. Ophelia’s death, for example could be blamed on Hamlet’s desire for revenge, whilst Hamlets death occurred as a result of Laertes quest to avenge his father’s death. Hopefully, it is easy to see why I believe that revenge is the core theme in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Revenge shapes the entire plot of the play and could be blamed for corrupting Hamlet and Laertes, making them almost evil in their final intentions. Shakespeare highlights the moral implications of revenge, and how a person can be corrupted by their need for revenge. The age-old saying ‘An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth’ is outlined perfectly in Hamlet. You cannot receive a punch, return a punch and then all sit down together for a lovely dinner. The second that you retaliate, it starts a horrible chain that is almost impossible to break.

Nova Scotia Ethic Assignment

Being short means that the firms sell more shares than are available in the new issue and the rim has some fire power in the after-market, meaning more liquidity. Mr.. Berry was earning millions of dollars for the bank in 2004, it was seeking outside legal opinions on the ramifications of renegotiating his contract to stop paying him so much. Cumming is willing to testify that senior executives at Scotia had divulged the bank's desire to catch Berry in â€Å"something like a securities violation so Scotia could use it against him,† to either severely reduce his compensation package or fire him.The bank claimed that Berry had hidden his behavior and that his education and training was such that e should have known his â€Å"misconduct breached fundamental terms of his employment with Scotia, and was just cause for his termination. † Colon (berry's lawyer) cited the passage in COMIC that exempts the distribution of any previously uninsured securities from being entered on the exchange. Williams responded by saying, â€Å"The advice we received from counsel-?†. Scotia lawyer interrupted, preventing Williams from finishing her sentence, explaining that what she was about to say was protected by solicitor-client privilege.But the fact that Williams, herself a lawyer, had sought a legal opinion on Berry's reads begged a crucial question: if the head of compliance didn't know whether or not what Berry was doing was improper, how could they expect him to understand? An industry that's almost entirely self-regulated, Berry's case raises questions about how this monitoring is carried out. The history of Citibank and David Berry The Bank of Nova Scotia, commonly referred to as Citibank, welcomed its first customers in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1832. Citibank continued to expand its branches across Canada, into the U. S. ND overseas from the 1 9th century and onwards. In 1 999, Citibank's Corporate Banking business and Scotia Capital Markets were integra ted to form Scotia Capital. Citibank now serves to some 21 million customers in more than 55 countries across the world. One of the main factors for the growth and success of Citibank is that it fosters a committed team that lives their shared values and works together to provide customers with expert advice, insights and financial solutions . Citibank clearly puts great emphasis on hiring the best candidates suitable for their jobs. One individual who stood out the most was David Berry.Berry first worked at Ernst & Young after finding out that the firm loud pay for his MBA tuition if he committed to work for them for a few years. He had left Ernst & Young after receiving his MBA and chartered accountant license to join Scotia Capital in 1995. Berry Was presented the opportunity to work at Citibank through his father's friend, Gordon Cheeseburger, who was the chairman of Scotia Capital Markets at the time. Berry started out as a research associate and had later moved to the Sales an d Trading department In the span of two years, he made his way up the ladder to eventually dominate Scotia Capital's preferred desk.Berry became a to commodity as other banks wanted him to leave Citibank and join them, which led to Citibank offering Berry a direct-driven deal in which he kept a certain percentage of the profits he made for the bank. He was the only trader who received a direct-drive deal as all the other traders were compensated on an annual bonus. This direct-drive deal percentage was increased a few times as Citibank aimed to keep Berry at the bank. In 2003, it was stated that he had earned $15 million for himself , earning almost double of the CEO of Citibank.Through his performance he developed any privileges, and his domination of the industry made Berry extremely powerful. Shortly after his rise to success, he was dismissed from Citibank then known as Scotia Capital. What is the ethical case here? The ethical case here was that Citibank had fired Berry for sup posedly engaging In inappropriate trading practices, specifically, selling newly issued preferred shares to clients without printing the trades biblically on the stock exchange. However, Berry claimed that it was perfectly fine to refrain from printing the trades on the stock exchange. **There were two issues involving Cecilia Williams that we've mixed up. . Cecilia Williams questioned him about the trade regarding Balconied and Great West Life. She determined that he was wrong to do this and was going to forward the tapes to MRS.. But Berry had played the tapes to Scotia head of trading, Mark Evader, and he said that this was fine and that every trader (including him) did this. As Williams was getting ready to send the report to MRS., Berry was allowed to attach a narrative to the report explaining his actions. He told Williams that he was going to state that Evader said that what he did was common practice.Williams reacted in shock and said â€Å"What? Our dead trader does this? † After this, there was no talk of the tapes going to RSI. This had nothing to do with the preferred shares. 2. The second issue is in regards to the preferred shares and whether or not they should have been printed on the stock exchange. RSI did their routine trade audit of Scotia, and it was during this that they discovered the preferred shares issue. Celiac Williams wasn't sure if there practices were allowed, and Berry suggested getting opinion from another compliance expert Linda Frets who stated that he had done nothing wrong etc etc†¦. His is the main issue, and the reason he to fired for – not the Balconied and Great West Life trade. Http://www. Tortellini. Com/informer/random-situ if-informer/2008/06/01 / traders-revenge/4/ This had all started once Berry started to make millions for the firm and for himself, outpacing the earnings of top executives. Mr.. Berry had bought some shares in the Balconied mining company from a client and, in turn, sold the same client shares in Great West Life. Berry had not printed the trades on the exchange because the preferred shares were new issues (I. E. They were being offered to potential investors for the first time).Berry justified his actions because it was understood in the firm that new issues were exempt from being printed on the exchanged. However, his actions were wrong in the eyes of Cecilia Williams, the head of Scotia Capital's compliance department. Williams had discussed to Berry that she was going to send the tape communication between Berry and his client to the Market Regulation Services. The market regulation service had started its routine scheduled trade desk review at Citibank. Berry went on to get another opinion from his own counsel from a compliance expert, Linda Frets.Frets ad advised that because the new issue shares in question had been sold from Berry's inventory before being listed on an exchange, they did not constitute improper off-market transactions and thus were no t in violation of Universal Market Integrity Rules (EMIR). Even if they had been, Berry did not understand why Citibank hadn't alerted him to this issue long before now. He had never been secretive about how he operated. And, as far as Berry was concerned, there was no harm to his clients by trading this way. A few weeks later, Berry was asked to meet with Scotia Capital's deputy chairman along with head Of institutional equities.Berry was notified that he was being suspended for the time being because Citibank was undergoing its own investigation relating to the preferred shares issue. Mr.. Berry filed a SSL 00 million claim focusing on constructive and wrongful dismissal. In return, Citibank filed a counterclaim along with a statement of defense. Ethical Issue in the Case and ethical behavior practices transgressed: One of the issues raised in the case is professionalism. The Commission found a violation and failure of the firm's upper management to act in public interest in favor of their own. Mr..Berry was allowed to book trades which were entered on the liquidity of the preferred stocks. These trades made money for Scotia, and the more money he made for the bank the more capital he was allocated and the bigger the inventory he could carry and the more money he made as compensation. Even though this is not illegal, integrity of the capital markets was threatened by these actions. Also, the lack of supervision from the management has led to a conflict of interest. Their actions could have had serious and lasting effects on the integrity of capital markets and public trust resulting from a lack of supervision in Scotia Capital.What is the Ethical Issue? The main issue in this case was whether printing the trades of the newly issued preferred shares on the stock exchange constituted unethical trading practices. Furthermore, if the practices were not deemed a violation of JIM by compliance expert Frets (and unsure by Scotia own Cecilia Williams), did Citibank act ethically in still pursuing their own investigation and terminating his contract? An identification of the key people involved, and their positions in the company Below is a list of the key people involved: 1 Cecilia Williams (head of Scotia Capital's compliance department) 2.Linda Frets (External compliance expert) . Jim Mountain (Mr.. Berry's boss at Scotia Capital Brian Porter, Scotia Capital's deputy chairman 4. 5. Rick Hugh (Citibank CEO) 6. Marc Mannequin (Berry's assistant) David Wilson (then vice-chairman of the Bank of Nova Scotia, and chairman 7. And CEO of Scotia Capital) 8. Andrew Cumming, who, until 2002, was Berry's direct supervisor. Cumming swore an affidavit in support of Berry's lawsuit, claiming that he saw nothing wrong with how Berry was ticketing new issue shares. 9.Mark Evader, Scotia head of trading People who have suffered David Berry David suffered as he had been out of a job for a long time, and thus has offered financially and occupationally. Although he had received many job offers, they were all contingent on the outcome of the case. His reputation has been damaged as this stigma will always stick to him. Furthermore, his absence from the industry for a significant period of time may have damaged his efficiency as a trader as he would have lost many clients and relationships, as well as the power he previously possessed.If he were to return to the industry, it would be near impossible to continue where he left off. In addition, David has further suffered financially as he has had to spend money n funding his case against Scotia. Citibank It is reported that the preferred desk has suffered without him since he was dismissed. Scotia has also had to spend a lot of money in the case against Berry. David Berry's Clients David Beers clients have most likely suffered as well. If Berry, using his expertise was generating millions in income for himself, it's clear that his clients were earning great profits on their investments as well .Although his clients can find another advisor, it is not likely that they will find one with the expertise and skill of David Berry David Berry's Family His family has also suffered because he has not worked ever since the termination from Citibank. This must have cost the family as their standard of living must've lowered with the great loss in income. They were living very lavish lifestyles with Berry's income. List of ethical behavior practices that were transgressed 1. Professionalism a. Knowledge of the law d. Misconduct 2. Integrity of Capital Markets a.Material Nonpublic Information (not completely sure) 4. Duties to the Employers B. Additional Compensation Arrangements (Don't know if this fits) C. Responsibility of the Supervisor Description of Events, Penalties or Convictions that followed David Berry was terminated in June, 2005 from Citibank. He was alleged of committing security regulatory violations. He was accused of violating uniform market integrity rules. Berry wen t into a big legal battle to prove that he did not do anything wrong. Information was released to the media that higher management of Citibank were looking for opinions from alai. O,'errs to change Berry's contract and keep him from leaving for a competitor prior to his accusation and termination from Scotia Capital. Eight years, later all allegations against Berry were dismissed by the IIRC. David Berry has a $100 million class action law suit against his former employer for constructive and wrongful dismissal. What should have happened to prevent improper action, and Resulting changes in corporate practices: We believe that the issue was in the company incompetence to provide adequate and effective supervision programs, and procedures for the employees to abide.Lack of supervision from Jim Mountain, as a manager towards the employees, and poor corporate culture has resulted in a failure of employee's ethics. A stricter procedural rules and more effective management control should have been imposed and fulfilled. No changes to laws or regulations were performed. The circumstances Of his dismissal for allegedly breaching trading rules and the regulator's investigation of his conduct while working at Citibank. For good measure, the bank's statement added: â€Å"[Berry's] misconduct breached fundamental terms of his employment with Scotia and was just cause for termination.He violated the trust and responsibility that accompanied his poss. Zion. † http://business functionalist. Com/2013/02/after-allegations- against-former-top-Citibank-trader-dismissed-its-now-Mann-a-Mann/ IIRC had brought two sets of allegations against Mr.. Berry claiming that he violated uniform market integrity rules during the distribution of new securities. The panel noted that after obtaining commitments from clients to buy shares in a new issue, some of the sales went through syndication while others went through Mr..Berry's inventory account. Because no commission was charged on all of these new-issue sales, some clients knew that the shares didn't come from syndication. And what more the trade occurred when the expression of interest was made -? even though the trade confirmations didn't show the usual new issue trailer. Everyone concerned understood that they were trading a new issue,† noted the panel, adding that prior to Mr.. Berry being terminated â€Å"his employer had no written syndication process policies or procedures. † In each of the two prior years to Mr..Berry's dismissal, he had earned $15- million, when CEO Rick Hugh made an average of $8-million and few on the Street would dream of making as much. Mr.. Berry, who is currently suing Citibank for constructive and wrongful dismissal Documents obtained by the Financial post suggest that, about six months before his termination under the cloud of the now-dismissed allegations, the ann. was seeking outside legal opinions on the ramifications of renegotiating his contract to stop payi ng him so much. The documents also said Mr..Berry could be fired â€Å"in the event of any of a regulatory breach, trading losses, or a violation of the bank's code of conduct. † http:// business. functionalist. Com/2013/02/21/after-allegations-against-former-top Citibank-trader-dismissed-its-now-Mann-a-Mann/ http:// business. functionalist. Com/2013/01/1 5/IIRC-chaw urges-against-David-berry- dismissed/ However, things turned sour after Citibank created a new contract limiting compensation up to $1 0 million unless stated by management. Berry had not signed this new contract in April 2005.In May 2005, a regulatory precursor to the IIRC issued a warning letter to Mr.. Berry. By the end of June 2005, Berry had been terminated with his group having chalked up about $43-million in net income. One year later Mr.. Berry filed a $1 00-million claim alleging constructive and wrongful dismissal. In turn, the bank has filed a statement of defense and counterclaim. Was Citibank trying to save themselves to the possible illegal trading activity conducted by Mr.. Berry, or was it the top executives' jealousy the main driver for Berry's firing?

English as a Second Language Essay

America is truly a great nation. With all its progress, everyone outside the country desire to live and migrate in this country. In fact, it has become a popular migration destination aside from Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Thus, in every city in America, there are communities of people with diverse culture and origin. Hence, this paper attempts to dissect the policies being implemented by the government concerning English as a second language in America. History  The history of Bilingual Education in the United States can be traced in the founding of America as the nation’s founder adopted neither an official language nor a government-sanctioned body to regulate speech (Ovando, 2003, p. 1). Carlos T. Ovando of the Arizona State University reveals that behind the monolingual culture image of America, thousands of other American Indian languages were spoken in the 15th century, paving for the complexities and diversities in the linguistic culture of America. But Ovando says, most of these languages were filtered along with their cultural realities, as the founders envisioned a â€Å"country with a unified history, traditions, and a common language† (2003, p. 2). Ovando noted that this vision was based in general on the English system and schooling practices (2003, p. 2). But, language policy controversies from the beginning not prevented the founders to enforce a mono-language system or to regulate speech (2003, p. 2). During that time European language particularly Spanish was dominant that they were treated with respect more likely than others, and their speaker being accommodated in school and government services. Ovando calls this formative period as the period of â€Å"linguistic tolerance† because of the absence of strong and solid policy on language diversity (Ovando, p. 3). As the influx of immigrants from European countries continuous, diversity of language continuous to widen as immigrants hang on to their maternal languages. Thus, in the 19th century, laws were passed authorizing Bilingual Education. American states were allowed bilingual instructions in public and private schools (Ovando, p. 4). Research Many individual Americans were so concerned to have a national language and this reflected in the slogan â€Å"one country one language† (Ovando and Willey as cited in the work of Reid and Bourne, p. 141). The most notable was Noah Webster who attempted to create â€Å"a unique national character defined by common American English (Ovando and Willey as cited in the work of Reid and Bourne, p. 41). Their desire must be legitimate since English language has now been spoken around the world by about 1. 5 billion people. That means, English language has now become global and a stand as a medium of communication world wide. Thus, there is a need to teach English on schools not only in America but in every country of the world. Jill Bourne and Evan Reid pointed out that because of English is widely spoken; it has a wide range of context from air-traffic control down to popular music (p. 161). These according to Reid and Bourne create a need to learn English language to be able to communicate internationally. In the report made by Patricia Anne DiCerbo, throughout America, many foreign students are enrolling ranging from elementary to high schools, which’s common reason is migration from many parts of the world; and the dominant group among other groups is the Spanish-speaking people who are mostly coming from Latin America. She also noted that this group of students is the fastest growing group in the United States. These students are facing a lot of challenges in terms of academic performance because of language barrier. This problem poses some problems; for instance, in her (DiCerbo’s) report, about fifty-fifty percent of Latino Youth are having the opportunity to graduate or finish high school. This simple report gave DiCerbo a perception that English Language Learning should be given to foreign students. Ovando in the book English Language Learning in America pointed out some reasons or fears why English language is now being pushed (as cited by Reid and Bourne, p. 138). A lot of Americans are worried about the influx of immigrants from Latin America for fear they may pose threat to the cultural integrity of the nation. There are common concerns that American cities will be filled with Spanish or German-speaking aliens; and they live for years speaking only their own mother tongue and will never learn English (Reid and Bourne, p. 138). Another thing is that they fear that foreign language speakers may weakened the national body of politics as what had happened in Quebec, Canada because of the dominant French speaking aliens. Ovando quoted Governor Dick Lamn’s statement emphasizing the need to make English the official language in schools and in government. The statement said â€Å"immigrants who fail to assimilate in the society are social time bombs. † Finally, Ovando emphasized that in order for any one to get ahead; one has to be fluent in English (p. 138). In view of the above historical background, there is no reason to reject English Language Learning for it does in the first place, emphasize the need for everyone to learn and be fluent in English. Carrasquillo and Rodriguez said that ELL students are encouraged to learn academic and skills in English (p. 20). English Language Learning according to them means only of advancing simultaneously in the stages of developing interpersonal skills, mastering subject area content and skills, and acquiring academic language proficiency for each subject area, all in their second language which is English (Carrasquillo and Rodriguez, p. 0). Through retention of ELL, limited English proficient students are given the opportunity to cope up deficiencies in learning using English as medium of communication. Theory For us to be able to make a conclusion regarding the issue of bilingual policy in education, it would be important to understand the theoretical argument regarding this matter. There are various theories about bilingual policies of the United States but as space constraint, this paper cited only one theory although, there are several theories that discussed about bilingual education in the United States such as theory of Kloss (1977-1988) regarding the tolerant mood during the formative years; Baron (1990) emphasizing on slight development of English Language for the past two hundred years; REcinto (1998) which is talking about poor language minorities. It is easy to agree that these theories help in understanding language policies, especially on making conclusion about the issue. As Ovando pointed out that history is full of evidence that support any of these theories. The theory of Heath (1983-1990) tells us that the relationship between the literacy practices from each community corresponds closely to the literacy practice and expectation of the school. Heath found out that children from other community with English as their second language excel in their own community but fell behind in school. These children are perceived as lacking in school readiness skills at the point of entry. This means that children having native language aside from English would have poor academic performance because of language deficiencies which supposed to be not since curriculum-wise, American schools are better. Foreign students are having deficiency in terms of literacy level because of racial division or factor. Conclusion America is an English-speaking nation and English language is the internationally accepted language. It is the sovereign right of America to enforce to its citizens the use of their tongue as official medium of instruction both in public and private, as well as in government. Language is very important and it is a unifying instrument of a nation. After centuries of tolerance, it is high time that America unites its citizens by being monolingual. This is highly important since America has become the convergence of many nations such as African, Asians, European and other languages in the world. If each of the foreign community living in the United States will use instructional materials in their native tongue, as well as use it as a medium of instruction inside the classroom, America is in danger of breaking into pieces their culture and language. In the same way, the government offered the ELL as a means to help immigrant students to cope up with the difficulty of speaking English in the classroom. This training provides necessary practices and lesson in order to develop communication skills among the students. Also, ELL is offered in all schools in America as part of the curriculum of students whose native language is not English. Thus, the ELL is thoroughly learned and mastered through which, students learn mastery of the language as well as skills of communication in English. In the words of Carlos Ovando, children need to learn the English language for them to get ahead.